Series ID: EDKS-BVOC-ZH-0005 · Lesson No.005 · People & Family · Pre-A1 → A1 · 简体中文辅助
How to Learn Basic English Vocabulary (Chinese Edition) | Lesson No.005 | People and Family Words | 人与家庭英语词汇
Start with the people around you.
先从你身边的人开始学。
← Back to the Basic English Vocabulary Chinese Edition Hub | 返回零基础英语词汇首页
Quick read | 先看最重要的
People and family words are powerful beginner vocabulary because they connect immediately to real life.
人与家庭词汇很适合零基础，因为你每天都会想到、看到、谈到这些人。
Start with a small core:
family · mother · father · sister · brother · friend · child · people · man · woman
Then add useful phrases:
- my family
- my mother
- my father
- my friend
- her sister
- his brother
- a young child
- two people
Then add very small sentences:
- This is my mother.
- He is my friend.
- She is my sister.
- They are my family.
不要把这一课变成“亲属称谓大全”。先学最常用、最能马上使用的一批。
This lesson is vocabulary, not the wider family-language lesson | 这课专门学词汇
eduKate Sengkang already has a broader Basic English Chinese Edition lesson called My Family | 我的家人. That lesson belongs to the whole-language branch.
本页不重复整套家庭对话、语法和综合英语。本页只负责：建立“人和家庭”的零基础词汇网络。
First 20 people words | 第一批 20 个“人”的词
| English | 中文 | First phrase |
|---|---|---|
| person | 人（单数） | one person |
| people | 人们 / 人（复数） | two people |
| man | 男人 | a man |
| woman | 女人 | a woman |
| boy | 男孩 | a boy |
| girl | 女孩 | a girl |
| child | 儿童 / 小孩 | a child |
| children | 儿童 / 小孩们 | two children |
| baby | 婴儿 | a baby |
| adult | 成年人 | an adult |
| friend | 朋友 | my friend |
| classmate | 同学 | my classmate |
| teacher | 老师 | my teacher |
| student | 学生 | a student |
| neighbour | 邻居 | my neighbour |
| parent | 家长 / 父母中的一位 | a parent |
| parents | 父母 | my parents |
| family | 家庭 / 家人 | my family |
| name | 名字 | my name |
| people | 人们 | many people |
Cambridge Pre A1/A1 Digital Wordlists include familiar family-and-friends words such as family, father, friend, girl, grandfather, grandmother, home and related beginner vocabulary. This is a useful research floor for the lane.
Core family words | 核心家庭词汇
| English | 中文 | Useful phrase |
|---|---|---|
| family | 家庭 / 家人 | my family |
| mother | 母亲 / 妈妈 | my mother |
| mum / mom | 妈妈 | my mum / my mom |
| father | 父亲 / 爸爸 | my father |
| dad | 爸爸 | my dad |
| parents | 父母 | my parents |
| sister | 姐妹 | my sister |
| brother | 兄弟 | my brother |
| daughter | 女儿 | my daughter |
| son | 儿子 | my son |
| grandmother | 祖母 / 外祖母 | my grandmother |
| grandma | 奶奶 / 外婆等口语称呼 | my grandma |
| grandfather | 祖父 / 外祖父 | my grandfather |
| grandpa | 爷爷 / 外公等口语称呼 | my grandpa |
| husband | 丈夫 | her husband |
| wife | 妻子 | his wife |
| cousin | 堂 / 表兄弟姐妹 | my cousin |
| aunt | 姑 / 姨 / 伯母 / 婶母等 | my aunt |
| uncle | 叔 / 伯 / 舅 / 姑父 / 姨父等 | my uncle |
Chinese and English family labels do not map perfectly | 中英亲属称谓并不是一一对应
Chinese family vocabulary can mark distinctions that everyday English often leaves broader.
例如中文会清楚区分“姐姐、妹妹、哥哥、弟弟”，但英语核心词通常先用 sister 和 brother。需要时再加 older 或 younger：
- older sister — 姐姐
- younger sister — 妹妹
- older brother — 哥哥
- younger brother — 弟弟
同样，中文里的姑、姨、舅妈、伯母等，在基础英语里常先由 aunt 覆盖；叔、伯、舅、姑父等常先由 uncle 覆盖。
这不是说英语“没有关系区别”，而是说两种语言常用的亲属分类方式不同。不要强求每个中文亲属词都有唯一一个同样精细的基础英语单词。
My, your, his, her | 家庭词很快会遇到所有格词
| my mother | 我的妈妈 |
| your father | 你的爸爸 |
| his sister | 他的姐妹 |
| her brother | 她的兄弟 |
| our family | 我们的家人 |
| their parents | 他们的父母 |
零基础不需要先学完整“物主限定词语法讲座”。先把高频短语作为可用单位。
This is… / He is… / She is… | 第一组人物句型
- This is my mother.
- This is my father.
- He is my brother.
- She is my sister.
- He is my friend.
- She is my teacher.
- They are my parents.
- They are my friends.
这些句子已经足够让很多“人”的词进入真实结构。
Who is…? | 用 who 打开人物信息
- Who is he?
- Who is she?
- Who is this?
- Who are they?
Answer:
- He is my father.
- She is my friend.
- This is my teacher.
- They are my parents.
who 是高价值词，因为一个疑问词可以打开很多人物信息。
Name vocabulary | 名字相关词汇
| name | 名字 |
| first name | 名 |
| family name / surname | 姓 |
| full name | 全名 |
Very easy patterns:
- My name is Lin.
- What is your name?
- Her name is Mei.
- His name is Jun.
Age vocabulary | 年龄相关词汇
| age | 年龄 |
| young | 年轻的 / 年幼的 |
| old | 年老的 / 年龄大的 |
| years old | ……岁 |
Patterns:
- I am ten years old.
- She is young.
- My grandfather is old.
- How old are you?
注意：这里 old 在 “How old are you?” 中是询问年龄的固定表达，不等于在说对方“老”。
Man, woman, boy, girl | 人物基本分类
| man | 成年男性 |
| woman | 成年女性 |
| boy | 男孩 |
| girl | 女孩 |
| child | 孩子 |
| adult | 成年人 |
Do not use boy or girl for every adult. Context matters.
零基础先建立最基本分类，之后再学习更自然、更礼貌、更符合场景的称呼方式。
Person and people | person 与 people
person = one person.
people = more than one person in ordinary use.
- one person
- two people
- many people
初学者常见错误是 *two persons*。在很多一般日常语境里，先使用 two people 更自然。
Child and children | child 与 children
- one child
- two children
children 是不规则复数。不要写成 *childs*。
这一课只要求把高频不规则形式当成词汇单元记住，不需要现在学习完整不规则复数体系。
Friend vocabulary | 朋友词汇
| friend | 朋友 |
| best friend | 最好的朋友 / 挚友 |
| classmate | 同学 |
| neighbour | 邻居 |
| colleague | 同事 |
For a true beginner, friend and classmate are often higher priority than less common relationship vocabulary.
People around school and work | 学校与工作中的人
| teacher | 老师 |
| student | 学生 |
| classmate | 同学 |
| boss | 老板 / 上司 |
| worker | 工人 / 工作人员 |
| colleague | 同事 |
| customer | 顾客 |
| doctor | 医生 |
| nurse | 护士 |
不要一次全部主动掌握。根据你的真实生活挑 5–10 个先学。
Descriptions of people | 描述人的基础词
| young | 年轻 / 年幼 |
| old | 年老 / 旧（依上下文） |
| tall | 高 |
| short | 矮 / 短 |
| happy | 开心 |
| sad | 难过 |
| tired | 累 |
| busy | 忙 |
| kind | 善良 / 友善 |
| nice | 友好 / 不错（依语境） |
Very easy use:
- She is tall.
- He is tired.
- My mother is busy.
- My teacher is kind.
Be careful with description and politeness | 描述人时要注意礼貌
Some descriptive words can feel personal or rude depending on context. Beginner vocabulary should teach not only meaning but safe use.
例如描述年龄、身体、外貌时，要知道“词典上能翻译”不等于“任何场合都适合直接说”。
零基础优先使用中性、安全、真正需要的描述。
Family tree vocabulary | 家谱最基础词汇
Imagine:
Grandmother + Grandfather → Mother + Father → Sister + Brother
Now say:
- This is my grandmother.
- This is my grandfather.
- She is my mother.
- He is my father.
- She is my sister.
- He is my brother.
视觉关系图能帮助亲属词形成网络，而不是单个列表。
Older and younger | older / younger
- older sister — 姐姐
- younger sister — 妹妹
- older brother — 哥哥
- younger brother — 弟弟
This is one example where English often builds a more specific family meaning by combining two words instead of using one completely different basic noun.
Family words as a network | 把家庭词看成关系网络
Do not memorise:
mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter … as unrelated items.
Instead connect:
- parent → mother / father
- child → son / daughter
- sibling idea → brother / sister
- grandparent → grandfather / grandmother
网络会给回忆增加结构。
Pronunciation focus | 发音重点
Use reliable learner-dictionary audio for every new word. Useful words to listen to carefully include:
- mother
- father
- brother
- sister
- family
- friend
- children
- woman
- women
注意 woman 和 women 的拼写与发音关系。不要只凭字母想当然。
Spelling focus | 拼写重点
- friend — 注意内部拼写
- family — 注意完整词形
- children — 不规则复数
- woman / women — 单复数形式不同
- people — 常用复数词形
把这些词放进 Lesson 002 的“看—说—盖—写—查”循环。
First phrase bank | 第一组人物短语
| my family | 我的家人 |
| my mother | 我的妈妈 |
| my father | 我的爸爸 |
| my sister | 我的姐妹 |
| my brother | 我的兄弟 |
| my parents | 我的父母 |
| my friend | 我的朋友 |
| best friend | 最好的朋友 |
| a young child | 一个年幼的孩子 |
| two children | 两个孩子 |
| many people | 很多人 |
| a kind teacher | 一位友善的老师 |
First sentence bank | 第一组人物句子
- This is my family.
- This is my mother.
- This is my father.
- She is my sister.
- He is my brother.
- They are my parents.
- He is my friend.
- She is my teacher.
- We are classmates.
- They are my friends.
Question bank | 人物提问句
- Who is he?
- Who is she?
- Who are they?
- What is your name?
- How old are you?
- Do you have a brother?
- Do you have a sister?
- Is she your friend?
Answer bank | 简单回答
- He is my father.
- She is my sister.
- They are my parents.
- My name is Mei.
- I am twelve years old.
- Yes, I do.
- No, I do not.
- Yes, she is.
People words from Cambridge Pre A1 | 从 Pre A1 词表看方向
Cambridge’s Pre A1 wordlists place family and friends among familiar beginner topics, with words such as baby, boy, brother, child/children, classmate, cousin, dad, family, father, friend, girl, grandfather, grandmother, mother, sister, woman/women and related language.
That supports a simple design choice here: start with familiar relationships and people the learner can actually name.
British Council A1 ability: personal details | A1 很早就需要“个人信息”
British Council A1 describes beginners as able to introduce themselves and others and ask/answer simple questions about where they live, what they have and people they know.
因此，“人、家人、朋友、名字”并不是边缘词汇，而是最早交流能力的一部分。
Picture naming practice | 看图说人
Use photos or simple drawings.
- Point to one person.
- Say the word: mother / father / friend.
- Add my / your / his / her.
- Make one sentence.
Example:
picture → mother → my mother → This is my mother.
Real-life naming practice | 用真实生活练
Look at your own contact list or family photos. Choose five people you genuinely know.
Say:
- This is my ___.
- His name is ___.
- Her name is ___.
- He is my friend.
- She is my sister.
真实人物会让词汇有更强的意义连接。
One-minute family talk | 一分钟家庭口语
Keep it very simple:
“This is my family. This is my mother. This is my father. I have one sister. Her name is ___. I have one brother. His name is ___. We live in ___. Thank you.”
不要担心内容太简单。目标是让词汇能够连续出来。
Do not memorise a long speech | 不要死背长演讲
After one practice, change the details.
- mother → friend
- sister → cousin
- one brother → two brothers
变化以后还能说，说明词汇开始真正可迁移。
Retrieval practice | 主动回忆
Cover the English. Say English for:
- 妈妈
- 爸爸
- 姐妹
- 兄弟
- 父母
- 朋友
- 孩子
- 人们
- 老师
- 学生
Then reverse:
- mother → ?
- friend → ?
- children → ?
- people → ?
Phrase retrieval | 短语提取
- my ___ → family / mother / father / friend
- two ___ → people / children
- older ___ → sister / brother
- young ___ → child / man / woman
Sentence completion | 句子补全
- This is my ___. → mother
- He is my ___. → brother / friend / father
- She is my ___. → sister / friend / mother
- They are my ___. → parents / friends
- Who is ___? → he / she / this
Contrast practice | 对比练习
| Pair | Difference |
|---|---|
| person / people | one vs plural/general people |
| child / children | singular vs irregular plural |
| man / woman | adult male vs adult female |
| boy / man | child/young male vs adult male |
| girl / woman | child/young female vs adult female |
| mother / parents | one specific parent vs both/parents generally |
Do not overlearn rare relatives first | 不要先背一大堆低频亲属词
If your immediate goal is basic English, words like mother, father, sister, brother, parents, friend and family usually deserve more attention than a long list of distant family relations.
以后需要时再扩展：
- niece
- nephew
- mother-in-law
- father-in-law
- stepmother
- stepfather
顺序不是价值判断，只是学习效率。
Build your personal people list | 建立你的个人“人物词表”
Choose the people in your real week.
- family members
- friends
- teacher
- classmates
- boss
- colleagues
- neighbours
写 10–20 个真正会用到的词，比复制网上 200 个陌生关系词更有效。
Vocabulary card model | 人物词卡模板
| Field | Example |
|---|---|
| Word | friend |
| Chinese | 朋友 |
| Phrase | my friend |
| Sentence | He is my friend. |
| Question | Is he your friend? |
| Return | tomorrow / 3 days / 1 week |
Spaced review plan | 间隔复习
Day 1: mother, father, sister, brother, friend.
Day 2: recall those five, then add parents, family, child, people, teacher.
Day 4: mix all ten.
Day 7: use them in sentences without the list.
Day 14: one-minute people/family talk.
不要每天只是把同一张词表从头读到尾。先回忆，再看答案。
First weak link check | 第一个卡点
| Symptom | Likely problem | Repair |
|---|---|---|
| I confuse sister and brother. | Meaning discrimination | contrast pictures + personal examples |
| I know mother but cannot say my mother. | Phrase link | possessive phrase practice |
| I can read friend but cannot spell it. | Spelling link | cover-write-check |
| I know words but cannot introduce people. | Sentence frame | This is… / He is… / She is… |
| I forget after days. | Spacing | delayed retrieval |
Mini reading | 超简单阅读
“My name is Lin. This is my family. My mother is Mei. My father is Jun. I have one sister. Her name is Li. I have one brother. His name is Wei. We are a family.”
Find:
- family
- mother
- father
- sister
- brother
Then close the text and retell using only five sentences.
Mini writing | 超简单写作
Write five true sentences:
- My name is ___.
- This is my ___.
- He is my ___.
- She is my ___.
- They are my ___.
真实句子比随机抄例句更容易建立个人词汇网络。
Mini listening | 超简单听力
Ask someone to read:
mother · friend · sister · parents · child · teacher
Without seeing the words, point to pictures or write the Chinese meaning.
这样可以检查“纸面认识，但耳朵不认识”的问题。
Mini speaking | 超简单口语
Choose one photo. Speak for 20–30 seconds:
“This is my ___. His/Her name is ___. He/She is my ___. He/She is kind.”
如果句子还很慢，不要急着追求自然速度。先保证词能正确出来。
For parents and teachers | 给家长和老师
- Use real family photos when appropriate.
- Do not force learners to disclose private family information; fictional names are fine.
- Keep the first set small.
- Teach phrase with word.
- Return after a delay.
- Accept simple English before demanding longer sentences.
- Do not turn every family word into a grammar lesson.
学习“family”不需要立刻讨论所有家庭结构和所有社会关系词。先建立语言入口，之后再扩展。
Respect different families | 家庭结构不同，也要尊重真实世界
Not every learner lives with a mother and father. Some live with one parent, grandparents, guardians, relatives or other family arrangements.
教学例子要允许学习者使用真实情况，也允许使用虚构例子。词汇教学不应该要求学生公开不想公开的私人家庭信息。
Where this connects next | 下一步连接
- Basic English Chinese Edition | My Family — whole-language family lesson.
- Vocabulary Learning Hub — wider vocabulary system.
- How Memory Works in Learning — deeper memory owner.
A 50-word people-and-family target | 50 词目标
Over time, build toward a working set across these groups:
- 10 core family words
- 10 general people words
- 10 school/work relationship words
- 10 describing words
- 10 question/relationship phrases
不要一天完成。目标是“能用”，不是“看过”。
Final check | 最终自检
Can you:
- name 8 family members?
- say person / people correctly?
- say child / children correctly?
- use my / his / her with a person word?
- ask Who is he/she?
- introduce three people?
- recall the words tomorrow?
如果大部分可以，这一课的基础目标已经建立。
Final rule | 最后一条规则
Learn the people you actually talk about.
先学你真的会谈到的人。
Word → phrase → person → sentence → return later.
单词 → 短语 → 真实人物 → 句子 → 以后再回来。
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Reference floor: Cambridge Pre A1 Starters Wordlists · British Council A1 · Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
