Category: Science

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Science Hub Route Science Hub · Complete Science Index

How to Learn Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: From Mitochondrial Ancestry to Anaerobic ATP, Fe–S Assembly and Organelle Reduction

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Wait, What? A Mitochondrion Can Lose Oxygen Respiration, Lose Its Genome, Stop Making ATP—and Still Remain a Mitochondrion-Related Organelle The beginner often learns: mitochondria use oxygen to make ATP. That is useful for many cells. It is not the definition of a mitochondrion. Many microbial eukaryotes live in oxygen-poor environments. Their mitochondrial descendants can become…

How to Learn AFM-IR and Photothermal Induced Resonance (PTIR): From Infrared Absorption and Thermal Expansion to Nanoscale Chemical Spectroscopy and Multimodal Materials Mapping

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Science Hub Route Science Hub · Complete Science Index

How to Learn Extracellular Electron Transfer and Microbial Nanowires: From Redox Respiration to Cytochrome Conduits, Conductive Biofilms and Electromicrobiology

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Wait, What? Some Bacteria Can “Breathe” a Rock They Cannot Bring Inside the Cell Most respiration diagrams finish with an electron acceptor that is dissolved or located inside a membrane system. But many environmental electron acceptors are solid. Iron(III) oxides and manganese oxides, for example, may exist as mineral particles that cannot enter a bacterium.…

How to Learn Photoelectron Emission Microscopy (PEEM/XPEEM): From Photoemission and Electron Optics to Work-Function, Chemical, Magnetic and Ultrafast Surface Imaging

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Science Hub Route Science Hub · Complete Science Index

How to Learn X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD): From Polarized X-Ray Absorption and Sum Rules to Element-Specific Magnetism, Ultrafast Spin Dynamics and Magnetic Imaging

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