Category: Science
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How to Learn Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED): From Surface Reciprocal Lattices and Diffraction Spots to Reconstructions, I–V Structure Refinement and Micro-LEED
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How to Learn Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS): From Pump–Probe ΔA to Excited-State Dynamics, Charge Transfer, Global Analysis and Ultrafast Materials
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How to Learn Biological Ice Control: From Bacterial Ice-Nucleation Proteins to Antifreeze Proteins, Cloud Freezing and Cryobiology
Wait, What? One Protein Can Make Water Freeze Warmer—Another Can Keep Ice From Growing Pure water does not always freeze at 0°C. If no suitable ice nucleus is present, liquid water can remain supercooled below 0°C. Some bacterial proteins dramatically raise the temperature at which ice appears. Other proteins bind ice and suppress further crystal…
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How to Learn Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy (NSE/NRSE/MIEZE): From Larmor Precession and Spin Echoes to Nanosecond Polymer, Membrane and Magnetic Dynamics
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How to Learn Bioluminescence and Luciferase Chemistry: From Excited-State Molecules to Bacterial Lux Systems, Firefly Light and Deep-Sea Signalling
Wait, What? Living Light Is Not “Stored Light”—It Is Chemistry Creating an Excited Molecule A firefly does not carry a tiny lamp. A glowing bacterium does not store photons in a vesicle. Bioluminescence begins with a chemical reaction that creates an electronically excited product. When that product relaxes to a lower-energy state, a photon can…
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How to Learn Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Scanning Auger Microscopy: From Core-Hole Relaxation to Nanometre Surface Chemistry, Depth Profiles and In-Situ Interfaces
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