Category: Blog
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Student/Studying Interface Learning Manual: Code-Execution Interface | Running Without Knowing What State Ran Can Make Correct Code Look Wrong
A student-facing Learning Manual for operating coding notebooks and run environments: preserve source state, know what cell or file actually executed, inspect inputs and outputs, distinguish code errors from stale runtime state, and return the result to the programming task.
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MindOS Learning Manual: Rereading State | Reading It Again Can Help—But Easier Reading Is Not the Same as Better Learning
Rereading can help under some conditions, but familiar text also becomes easier to process and can create a false sense of mastery. This MindOS manual shows when a second reading earns its place, how to target it, and when to stop rereading and switch to retrieval, explanation or application.
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Bolt Performance Calibration — If Students Saw the Questions Before the Test, the Score Is Measuring a Different Performance
Prior exposure to exact test questions can change item difficulty, score comparability and what a performance legitimately represents. This Bolt Performance Calibration manual separates legitimate familiarisation from compromised item exposure and shows how fresh secure evidence restores calibration.
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Bolt Performance Calibration — A Growth Score Can Be Noisier Than Either Test It Came From
A student growth score is calculated from two measurements and can be noisier than either component score. This Bolt Performance Calibration manual shows how reliability, scaling, regression, repeated evidence and attribution should shape claims about student, teacher and school improvement.
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Bolt Performance Calibration — If the Control Group Starts Copying the Intervention, the Comparison Stops Being Clean
A school intervention can spread into the comparison group through teachers, students, shared materials or whole-school changes. This Bolt Performance Calibration manual shows how contamination and spillover can weaken the counterfactual while also revealing genuine system diffusion.
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Bolt Performance Calibration — If the Missing Students Are Different, the Intervention Effect Can Change
A school intervention can look stronger or weaker when students with missing follow-up outcomes are systematically different from those who remain. This Bolt Performance Calibration manual shows how attrition, missingness, sensitivity analysis and denominator integrity should change programme-effect claims.
