G2 English K200 comprehension becomes easier when learners track how a text keeps a topic alive across sentences. Writers repeat key words, use synonyms, pronouns, broader categories, related semantic fields and contrast pairs. Together these form lexical and reference chains.
This one-hundred-and-thirty-seventh Learner’s Guide develops lexical-chain cohesion. It extends Vol 0073 Referent-Chain Control and Vol 0121 Information-Focus Control.
The lexical-chain audit
Underline the words that refer to the same entity, idea or semantic field. Then mark where the chain continues, shifts, contrasts or breaks. A chain helps identify paragraph topic, source ownership and the point where a new idea enters.
1. exact repetition
For exact repetition, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
2. repeated key noun
For repeated key noun, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
3. synonym chain
For synonym chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
4. near-synonym chain
For near-synonym chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
5. superordinate term
For superordinate term, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
6. subordinate term
For subordinate term, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
7. general-to-specific chain
For general-to-specific chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
8. specific-to-general chain
For specific-to-general chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
9. part-whole chain
For part-whole chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
10. whole-part chain
For whole-part chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
11. cause-effect lexical chain
For cause-effect lexical chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
12. problem-solution chain
For problem-solution chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
13. question-answer chain
For question-answer chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
14. contrast pair
For contrast pair, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
15. antonym pair
For antonym pair, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
16. comparison pair
For comparison pair, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
17. time sequence words
For time sequence words, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
18. place sequence words
For place sequence words, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
19. character naming chain
For character naming chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
20. pronoun chain
For pronoun chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
21. demonstrative reference
For demonstrative reference, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
22. the former/latter
For the former/latter, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
23. one/ones substitution
For one/ones substitution, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
24. do so substitution
For do so substitution, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
25. ellipsis
For ellipsis, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
26. repeated motif
For repeated motif, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
27. semantic field
For semantic field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
28. school-learning field
For school-learning field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
29. emotion field
For emotion field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
30. movement field
For movement field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
31. conflict field
For conflict field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
32. nature field
For nature field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
33. technology field
For technology field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
34. evaluation field
For evaluation field, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
35. positive evaluative chain
For positive evaluative chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
36. negative evaluative chain
For negative evaluative chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
37. intensifying chain
For intensifying chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
38. weakening chain
For weakening chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
39. certainty chain
For certainty chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
40. uncertainty chain
For uncertainty chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
41. causal chain
For causal chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
42. evidence chain
For evidence chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
43. source chain
For source chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
44. topic chain
For topic chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
45. paragraph topic shift
For paragraph topic shift, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
46. lexical chain across paragraphs
For lexical chain across paragraphs, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
47. chain break
For chain break, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
48. new topic introduction
For new topic introduction, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
49. false synonym
For false synonym, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
50. different referent same word
For different referent same word, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
51. same referent different word
For same referent different word, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
52. polysemy across chain
For polysemy across chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
53. metaphorical chain
For metaphorical chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
54. literal chain
For literal chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
55. pronoun after synonym
For pronoun after synonym, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
56. definite article recovery
For definite article recovery, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
57. this/that recovery
For this/that recovery, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
58. such recovery
For such recovery, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
59. another recovery
For another recovery, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
60. also/addition
For also/addition, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
61. however/contrast
For however/contrast, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
62. therefore/result
For therefore/result, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
63. because/reason
For because/reason, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
64. for example/instance
For for example/instance, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
65. in other words/restatement
For in other words/restatement, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
66. meanwhile/simultaneity
For meanwhile/simultaneity, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
67. later/sequence
For later/sequence, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
68. finally/closure
For finally/closure, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
69. first/next
For first/next, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
70. repetition for emphasis
For repetition for emphasis, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
71. repetition for cohesion
For repetition for cohesion, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
72. repetition that becomes redundancy
For repetition that becomes redundancy, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
73. summary lexical compression
For summary lexical compression, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
74. paraphrase chain preservation
For paraphrase chain preservation, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
75. source comparison chain
For source comparison chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
76. writer attitude chain
For writer attitude chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
77. character development chain
For character development chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
78. argument development chain
For argument development chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
79. narrative development chain
For narrative development chain, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
80. lexical-chain final rule
For lexical-chain final rule, create a three-sentence mini-passage that maintains one topic without repeating exactly the same wording every time. Identify which words carry the chain.
For practice, remove one link and see whether the passage becomes ambiguous or abrupt. Then restore cohesion with the smallest appropriate device: noun repetition, synonym, pronoun, demonstrative, category term or connective.
Do not assume related words share the same referent. A lexical field can contain several entities. Cohesion supports interpretation, but grammar and source ownership still decide who or what each expression points to.
Chains reveal development, not just repetition
A chain can change over time: “problem → challenge → opportunity” shifts evaluation; a character can move from “stranger → visitor → friend”. Tracking the lexical sequence can reveal development that a single word misses.
Links
Use the Secondary English Learning Hub, Vol 0133 Entailment Control, Vol 0129 Ambiguity Resolution, the Examination Craft hub and the PSLE Learner’s Guide.
Official-source discipline
For the current 2027 SEC G2 school-candidate framework, use the official SEAB G2 syllabus directory and linked K200 English Language syllabus. Lexical-chain cohesion is an eduKateSengkang reading-and-writing framework, not a separate SEAB syllabus label.
Final rule
Track how the text keeps an idea alive, not only where the exact word repeats. Cohesion lives in chains of reference and meaning; use those chains to locate topic continuity, shifts and development.
