G2 SEC examination answers often contain plausible steps that have not yet been earned. An inference without evidence, a formula without a model, a causal claim without a control, or a percentage without a denominator creates evidence debt.
This one-hundred-and-twelfth Learner’s Guide develops evidence-debt control across K200 English, K210 Mathematics and K223–K225 Science. It builds on Vol 0108 Local–Global Consistency and Vol 0084 Minimum-Sufficient Answers.
The debt rule
Whenever an answer jumps from A to C, ask what B would justify the move. If B is available, add it. If B cannot be supported, narrow C or remove it. The goal is not maximum explanation; it is zero unsupported load-bearing steps.
1. English inference without quote
Unpaid step: Conclusion is written before locating support.
Payment: Find the smallest passage span that earns the inference.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
2. English attitude label
Unpaid step: Attitude is named without diction/action evidence.
Payment: Attach decisive textual cue.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
3. English motive
Unpaid step: Reason for action is guessed.
Payment: Find stated motive or bounded behavioural evidence.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
4. English source claim
Unpaid step: Statement is remembered but source is uncertain.
Payment: Resolve speaker/text ownership.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
5. English chronology
Unpaid step: Cause uses later information.
Payment: Rebuild event order.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
6. English quantifier
Unpaid step: Answer says all/always.
Payment: Find full-scope evidence or narrow wording.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
7. English modality
Unpaid step: Answer says must/will.
Payment: Find necessity evidence or reduce certainty.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
8. English comparison
Unpaid step: A is called better/worse.
Payment: Name criterion and evidence on both sides.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
9. English summary point
Unpaid step: Compressed point sounds right.
Payment: Trace it to source and check no inflation.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
10. English paraphrase
Unpaid step: New wording is fluent.
Payment: Check causal, quantitative and certainty invariants.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
11. English language effect
Unpaid step: Technique is named.
Payment: Explain local effect.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
12. English purpose
Unpaid step: Purpose is asserted.
Payment: Connect textual choices to audience effect.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
13. English presupposition
Unpaid step: Background assumption treated as fact.
Payment: Resolve source or neutralise.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
14. English negation
Unpaid step: Negative becomes opposite.
Payment: Check exact scope.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
15. English exception
Unpaid step: General rule is written.
Payment: Find boundary/countercase.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
16. Math formula selection
Unpaid step: Formula is recalled.
Payment: Match variables and units to relation.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
17. Math equation formation
Unpaid step: Equation appears without translation.
Payment: Map each term to question quantity.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
18. Math intermediate value
Unpaid step: Number feeds later work.
Payment: Verify its origin.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
19. Math calculator result
Unpaid step: Display is copied.
Payment: Estimate or bound magnitude.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
20. Math percentage
Unpaid step: Percentage computed.
Payment: Name denominator/base.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
21. Math rate
Unpaid step: Quotient computed.
Payment: Name numerator, denominator and units.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
22. Math probability
Unpaid step: Fraction computed.
Payment: Define event and sample space.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
23. Math geometry theorem
Unpaid step: Relation is used.
Payment: State theorem/condition.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
24. Math similarity
Unpaid step: Scale relation used.
Payment: Verify corresponding sides.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
25. Math graph read
Unpaid step: Value taken from graph.
Payment: Check axis, scale and ownership.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
26. Math root
Unpaid step: Root accepted.
Payment: Substitute into original and domain.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
27. Math rounding
Unpaid step: Final number shown.
Payment: Trace to unrounded value and requested accuracy.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
28. Math case split
Unpaid step: One branch solved.
Payment: Show exhaustion and no overlap.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
29. Math bound
Unpaid step: Candidate rejected.
Payment: State property creating bound.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
30. Math backward step
Unpaid step: Inverse operation used.
Payment: Verify reversibility and branches.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
31. Math representation switch
Unpaid step: Form changes.
Payment: Check units/conditions survive.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
32. Math comparison measure
Unpaid step: Metric chosen.
Payment: State why it answers comparison.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
33. Science causal claim
Unpaid step: Treatment said to cause outcome.
Payment: Identify control and alternatives.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
34. Science mechanism
Unpaid step: Mechanism stated.
Payment: Link each causal step.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
35. Science trend
Unpaid step: Trend described.
Payment: Name interval and data.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
36. Science anomaly
Unpaid step: Point called anomalous.
Payment: Show expected trend and deviation.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
37. Science conclusion
Unpaid step: General claim made.
Payment: Match population/range/conditions.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
38. Science negative result
Unpaid step: Absence claimed.
Payment: Show sensitivity or say not detected.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
39. Science positive test
Unpaid step: Target declared.
Payment: Check specificity.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
40. Science control
Unpaid step: Fair test claimed.
Payment: Name alternative removed.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
41. Science variable
Unpaid step: Role named.
Payment: Confirm procedure role.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
42. Science improvement
Unpaid step: Change suggested.
Payment: Connect to weakness.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
43. Science repeatability
Unpaid step: Results called reliable.
Payment: Show repeats/spread.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
44. Science model
Unpaid step: Prediction used.
Payment: State assumption/range.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
45. Science scale bridge
Unpaid step: Local mechanism used for system result.
Payment: Explain aggregation.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
46. Science interaction
Unpaid step: A effect generalised.
Payment: Compare across B levels.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
47. Science rate
Unpaid step: Faster claimed.
Payment: Show per-time quantity.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
48. Instruction
Unpaid step: Answer follows habit.
Payment: Trace to command and constraint.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
49. Requested count
Unpaid step: Two reasons requested.
Payment: Count distinct ideas.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
50. Source
Unpaid step: Evidence is relevant.
Payment: Confirm permitted source.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
51. Scope
Unpaid step: Claim is plausible.
Payment: Check population/time/condition.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
52. Unit
Unpaid step: Number is correct.
Payment: Confirm requested quantity/unit.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
53. Label
Unpaid step: Value is correct.
Payment: Confirm right row/subpart/source.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
54. Final transfer
Unpaid step: Working is correct.
Payment: Compare final response with verified state.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
55. Confidence
Unpaid step: Learner feels certain.
Payment: Require evidence, not feeling.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
56. Uncertainty
Unpaid step: Learner feels unsure.
Payment: Name exact debt.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
57. Partial answer
Unpaid step: Some reasoning is valid.
Payment: Expose supported steps and mark unresolved debt.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
58. Assumption
Unpaid step: Unstated condition used.
Payment: Label and test permission.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
59. Exception
Unpaid step: Rule has countercase.
Payment: Store boundary.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
60. Contradiction
Unpaid step: Two parts disagree.
Payment: Find unsupported or higher-constraint violation.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
61. Review
Unpaid step: Time is limited.
Payment: Pay cheap high-value debts first.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
62. Closure
Unpaid step: Support is complete.
Payment: Clear marker and stop.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
63. Study practice
Unpaid step: Answer marked wrong.
Payment: Record missing evidence type.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
64. Revision note
Unpaid step: Rule memorised.
Payment: Attach example and boundary.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
65. Mock analysis
Unpaid step: Score is low.
Payment: Count debt types.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
66. Transfer test
Unpaid step: Skill works on familiar item.
Payment: Retest on fresh surface.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
67. Final debt rule
Unpaid step: Unsupported leap remains.
Payment: Pay, narrow or remove it.
For practice, mark every sentence or mathematical line that later work depends on. If it is unsupported, attach a debt symbol. Clear the symbol only when the appropriate evidence, method, unit, source, condition or mechanism is explicit enough to carry the dependency.
The evidence-debt ledger
Source debt
Debt: Who or what owns the claim is unresolved.
Repayment: Resolve text, speaker, row, condition or branch ownership first because later interpretation can attach to the wrong object.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Scope debt
Debt: Population, time, range or quantifier is missing.
Repayment: Restore the boundary before strengthening the conclusion.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Model debt
Debt: A formula or mechanism has no justified relation to the problem.
Repayment: Return to variables, units and assumptions before calculating further.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Denominator debt
Debt: A rate, percentage or normalised comparison has an unnamed base.
Repayment: Write the denominator in words before dividing.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Mechanism debt
Debt: Cause and outcome are present but the bridge is missing.
Repayment: Add the smallest scientific or logical process needed.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Verification debt
Debt: A fragile result has no independent check.
Repayment: Choose substitution, units, bounds, second evidence stream or another genuinely different route.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Interface debt
Debt: Correct reasoning has not been transferred cleanly.
Repayment: Check final number, label, source, unit, accuracy and question number.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Priority debt
Debt: Several debts exist at once.
Repayment: Pay the earliest debt that later work depends on; downstream polishing cannot repair an unsupported upstream node.
A useful ledger is short: debt type, location and next action. Once paid and verified, clear the entry so resolved uncertainty does not keep consuming review time.
Debt accumulates interest
An unsupported early step becomes more expensive when several later steps inherit it. A wrong denominator can contaminate every percentage comparison; a misowned quotation can distort inference, tone and purpose; a false control assumption can infect the entire causal conclusion. This is why upstream debt should be paid before downstream polishing.
The practical rule is dependency first. When time is limited, repair the earliest unsupported node with the largest number of descendants. If a debt has no downstream consequence and the answer is already sufficient, do not spend disproportionate time beautifying it.
Debt closure
A debt is closed only when the supporting evidence or rule is both present and correctly attached. Merely adding more words does not pay it. After repair, re-read the dependent conclusion once: if the support now carries the claim without hidden assumptions, clear the marker and move on.
Not every sentence needs the same evidence
Some steps are definitions, some are direct observations, some are derived calculations and some are inferences. Evidence debt means the support appropriate to that type is missing. A definition may need correct use; an inference needs textual or data support; a calculation needs a valid model and arithmetic chain.
Links
Use the Examination Craft hub, Vol 0100 Checkpoint Compression, the relevant English, Mathematics and Science hubs, and the PSLE Learner’s Guide.
Official-source discipline
For the 2027 SEC G2 school-candidate framework, use the current SEAB G2 syllabus directory and linked subject syllabuses. Evidence debt is an eduKateSengkang training framework, not an SEAB marking label.
Final rule
Every load-bearing claim needs the right support. Pay the evidence debt, narrow the claim, or remove it. Do not submit an answer whose next step depends on something you have not earned.
