Series ID: EDKS-BASIC-ZH-0001 · Lesson No.001 · 零基础英语第一课 · Pre-A1
Hello. My Name Is…
Hello. My name is Li Ming.
你好。我叫李明。
This is your first job.
这是你的第一个任务。
Say hello. Say your name. Say one small thing about yourself.
打招呼。说出你的名字。再说一件关于自己的小事。
You do not need a long conversation. You need a small sentence that you can understand, remember and use.
你不需要马上进行很长的对话。你只需要一句自己能理解、能记住、能真正使用的小句子。
What you will learn 这一课学什么？
- Hello / Hi — 你好 / 嗨
- My name is… — 我叫……
- I am… / I’m… — 我是…… / 我很……
- You are… / You’re… — 你是…… / 你很……
- He is / She is / It is — 他是 / 她是 / 它是
- What is your name? — 你叫什么名字？
- How are you? — 你好吗？
- I am from China. — 我来自中国。
- Nice to meet you. — 很高兴认识你。
By the end, you should be able to give a short introduction without reading every word.
学完以后，你应该可以不逐字照着看，完成一个非常短的自我介绍。
1. Start with Hello 从 Hello 开始
| English | 中文 | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Hello. | 你好。 | Safe, common greeting. 常见、稳妥。 |
| Hi. | 嗨。 | Friendly and informal. 更轻松。 |
| Good morning. | 早上好。 | Morning greeting. 早上使用。 |
| Good afternoon. | 下午好。 | Afternoon greeting. 下午使用。 |
| Good evening. | 晚上好。 | Evening greeting. 晚上见面时使用。 |
For now, Hello is enough. One reliable word is better than five greetings you cannot remember.
现在先把 Hello 用稳就够了。一个真正会用的词，比五个记不住的问候语更有价值。
Say it three ways 用三种方式说
- Hello.
- Hello, Lin.
- Hello. My name is Lin.
Do not rush. Say each one clearly.
不要赶。每一句都清楚地说出来。
2. My name is… 我叫……
My name is Li Ming.
我叫李明。
This is a complete English pattern. Learn it as one useful piece.
这是一个完整的英语句型。先把它当作一个可以直接使用的整体。
| My | 我的 |
| name | 名字 |
| is | 是 |
| Li Ming | 李明 |
But do not speak it as four separate blocks. Listen to the whole phrase: My name is Li Ming.
但是说话时不要把四个部分一个一个“切开”。要听整句，再模仿整句。
Substitution drill 替换练习
- My name is Li Ming.
- My name is Mei.
- My name is Chen Wei.
- My name is Anna.
- My name is David.
Now use your real name.
现在换成你自己的名字。
My name is ______.
3. I am… and I’m… “I am” 和 “I’m”
I am Li Ming. and I’m Li Ming. have the same basic meaning.
I am Li Ming. 和 I’m Li Ming. 基本意思相同。
I’m is the normal contraction of I am. Contractions are common in spoken English.
I’m 是 I am 的缩写。英语口语里缩写非常常见。
- I am Li Ming. → I’m Li Ming.
- I am happy. → I’m happy.
- I am tired. → I’m tired.
- I am ready. → I’m ready.
- I am from China. → I’m from China.
Learn both forms. Read the full form first. Then listen for the contraction.
两种形式都要认识。先读完整形式，再练习听缩写形式。
4. The small word “be” 一个很重要的小系统：be
English uses different forms of be: am, are, is.
英语里的 be 会变化，最基础的三个形式是：am, are, is。
| Subject 主语 | be | Example 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am happy. | 我很开心。 |
| you | are | You are ready. | 你准备好了。 |
| he | is | He is tired. | 他累了。 |
| she | is | She is happy. | 她很开心。 |
| it | is | It is good. | 它很好。 |
| we | are | We are ready. | 我们准备好了。 |
| they | are | They are here. | 他们在这里。 |
Do not try to memorise the word “be” as a grammar definition first. Memorise useful pairs:
不要先背复杂定义。先把常用搭配记成小块：
- I am
- you are
- he is
- she is
- it is
- we are
- they are
Say them rhythmically. Then add one word: happy, ready, here, tired, good.
把这些组合有节奏地说几遍，再加一个词：happy、ready、here、tired、good。
5. A key Chinese-English difference 一个很重要的中英差异
Mandarin often does not use 是 before an adjective in the same way English uses be.
普通话在形容词前并不会像英语一样使用 be。
| Chinese idea 中文 | Correct English 正确英语 | Wrong transfer 常见错误 |
|---|---|---|
| 我很累。 | I am tired. | I tired. ✗ |
| 她很开心。 | She is happy. | She happy. ✗ |
| 他们在这里。 | They are here. | They here. ✗ |
| 我准备好了。 | I am ready. | I ready. ✗ |
So when you use an English adjective after the subject in these simple sentences, ask: “Do I need am, is or are?”
所以，当你在这种简单句里把形容词放在主语后面时，问自己：“这里需要 am、is 还是 are？”
6. Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they 人称代词
| English | 中文 | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | 我 | I am here. |
| you | 你 / 你们 | You are here. |
| he | 他 | He is here. |
| she | 她 | She is here. |
| it | 它 / 这件事物 | It is here. |
| we | 我们 | We are here. |
| they | 他们 / 她们 / 它们 | They are here. |
English distinguishes he and she in speech. Mandarin spoken tā does not make that sound distinction, even though written Chinese distinguishes 他 and 她. So listen carefully and practise the English word you mean.
英语口语里 he 和 she 的声音不同。普通话口语中的“tā”没有这种声音区别，虽然书面汉字有“他”和“她”。所以英语口语要特别听清并练习。
7. Tell one fact about yourself 说一件关于自己的事
You can use I am with a name, a simple description or a place phrase.
- I am Li Ming. — 我是李明。
- I am a student. — 我是一名学生。
- I am happy. — 我很开心。
- I am tired. — 我累了。
- I am ready. — 我准备好了。
- I am here. — 我在这里。
- I am from China. — 我来自中国。
Notice that English can use I am in several jobs. Do not translate “am” into one fixed Chinese word every time. Learn the whole English sentence and its meaning.
注意：I am 在英语里可以承担多种作用。不要每次都把 am 强行翻成同一个中文字。要学习整个英文句子和它表达的意思。
8. I am from China. 我来自中国。
I am from China.
我来自中国。
Change the place:
- I am from China.
- I am from Singapore.
- I am from Beijing.
- I am from Shanghai.
- I am from Chengdu.
- I am from Guangzhou.
If you are talking about where you live now, that is a different idea:
如果你要说的是“现在住在哪里”，意思不同：
- I am from China. — 我来自中国。
- I live in Singapore. — 我住在新加坡。
Keep the meanings separate. Good beginner English grows by learning small distinctions clearly.
把两个意思分开。零基础英语进步的关键之一，就是把小差别学清楚。
9. Ask a name: What is your name? 问名字
What is your name?
你叫什么名字？
Answer:
- My name is Mei.
- I’m Mei.
Both answers work. The first one directly matches the question. The second is shorter and very natural.
两种回答都可以。第一种直接对应问题；第二种更短，在口语中也很自然。
Mini dialogue 小对话 1
A: Hello.
B: Hello.
A: What is your name?
B: My name is Mei.
A: Nice to meet you.
B: Nice to meet you too.
中文意思：A：你好。B：你好。A：你叫什么名字？B：我叫梅。A：很高兴认识你。B：我也很高兴认识你。
10. Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
Nice to meet you. is a fixed polite phrase when you meet someone for the first time.
Nice to meet you. 是第一次见面时非常常用的礼貌表达。
A useful answer is:
Nice to meet you too. — 我也很高兴认识你。
Do not translate every word while speaking. Treat the phrase as one social tool.
实际说话时，不要逐字翻译。把整句话当作一个社交工具来记。
11. How are you? 你好吗？
How are you?
你好吗？ / 你怎么样？
Very simple answers:
- I’m good, thank you. — 我很好，谢谢。
- I’m fine, thank you. — 我很好，谢谢。
- I’m okay. — 我还好。
- I’m tired. — 我累了。
- I’m happy. — 我很开心。
In everyday English, people may use How are you? as a greeting. You do not always need a long report about your feelings.
日常英语中，How are you? 常常也是一种问候。你不一定每次都要详细说明自己的状态。
12. Are you…? 用 are 提问
Statement:
You are ready. — 你准备好了。
Question:
Are you ready? — 你准备好了吗？
English changes the order.
英语会把顺序改变：
- You are ready. → Are you ready?
- You are tired. → Are you tired?
- You are a student. → Are you a student?
Mandarin can make many yes/no questions with 吗 while keeping much of the statement order. English often uses a different mechanism. For be, move am/is/are before the subject.
普通话很多一般疑问句可以加“吗”，而英语常用不同机制。遇到 be 时，通常把 am/is/are 放到主语前面。
Short answers 简短回答
| Are you ready? | Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. | 你准备好了吗？是的。/ 没有。 |
| Are you tired? | Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. | 你累吗？是的。/ 不累。 |
| Is she here? | Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. | 她在这里吗？是的。/ 不在。 |
13. Contractions you will hear 你会经常听到的缩写
| Full form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I’m | I’m ready. |
| you are | you’re | You’re here. |
| he is | he’s | He’s happy. |
| she is | she’s | She’s ready. |
| it is | it’s | It’s good. |
| we are | we’re | We’re here. |
| they are | they’re | They’re ready. |
A beginner sometimes learns only the full form in a book and then cannot recognise normal speech. So learn both the “clear classroom form” and the “common spoken form”.
初学者如果只在书上学完整形式，真实口语里就可能听不出来。所以要同时认识“完整形式”和“常见缩写”。
14. Pronunciation focus 发音重点
Do not use Chinese characters to approximate English pronunciation. Use real audio. But you can pay attention to a few physical details.
不要用汉字硬标英语读音。尽量听真实音频。不过你可以先注意几个发音动作。
Hello: keep the /h/
In hello, let air pass at the beginning. Do not drop the first sound.
hello 开头要有 /h/ 的气流，不要把第一个声音吞掉。
Name: hear the final sound
English often carries information at the end of a word. In name, finish the final /m/. Do not let the word fade too early.
英语很多信息在词尾。说 name 时要把最后的 /m/ 收完整，不要提前消失。
Sentence stress: one part can be stronger
Try:
My NAME is Li Ming.
I’m from CHINA.
English does not give every word exactly the same weight. Listen for stronger words and weaker function words.
英语不是每个词都用完全一样的力度。要开始听“重一点的词”和“弱一点的小词”。
15. Listen in chunks 用“语块”来听
Do not listen like this:
My / name / is / Li / Ming.
Listen like this:
- My name is / Li Ming.
- Nice to meet you.
- How are you?
- I’m from / China.
Chunks reduce the number of decisions you need to make while speaking.
语块可以减少你说话时必须即时做出的决定数量。
16. The 20-sentence core 核心 20 句
| 1 | Hello. | 你好。 |
| 2 | Hi. | 嗨。 |
| 3 | My name is Mei. | 我叫梅。 |
| 4 | I’m Mei. | 我是梅。 |
| 5 | What is your name? | 你叫什么名字？ |
| 6 | Nice to meet you. | 很高兴认识你。 |
| 7 | Nice to meet you too. | 我也很高兴认识你。 |
| 8 | How are you? | 你好吗？ |
| 9 | I’m good, thank you. | 我很好，谢谢。 |
| 10 | I’m okay. | 我还好。 |
| 11 | I’m happy. | 我很开心。 |
| 12 | I’m tired. | 我累了。 |
| 13 | I’m ready. | 我准备好了。 |
| 14 | I’m from China. | 我来自中国。 |
| 15 | I live in Singapore. | 我住在新加坡。 |
| 16 | You are here. | 你在这里。 |
| 17 | She is here. | 她在这里。 |
| 18 | He is ready. | 他准备好了。 |
| 19 | Are you ready? | 你准备好了吗？ |
| 20 | Yes, I am. | 是的，我准备好了。 |
Do not memorise all twenty in one minute. Take five. Make them easy. Then take five more.
不要一分钟硬背二十句。先拿五句，把它们练熟，再加五句。
17. Substitution table 替换表
| Frame 句型 | Choices 可替换 |
|---|---|
| My name is ___. | Mei / Wei / Lin / your name |
| I am ___. | happy / tired / ready / here |
| I am from ___. | China / Beijing / Shanghai / Chengdu |
| She is ___. | happy / ready / here |
| He is ___. | tired / ready / here |
| Are you ___? | ready / tired / happy / here |
Make at least ten new sentences. The point is not creativity. The point is control.
至少造十个新句子。现在重点不是“写得很有创意”，而是把基本结构控制住。
18. Mini dialogue 2: meeting someone 第一次见面
A: Hi. I’m Chen Wei.
B: Hello. My name is Anna.
A: Nice to meet you.
B: Nice to meet you too.
A: Where are you from?
B: I’m from Singapore. How about you?
A: I’m from China.
中文：A：嗨，我是陈伟。B：你好，我叫 Anna。A：很高兴认识你。B：我也很高兴认识你。A：你来自哪里？B：我来自新加坡。你呢？A：我来自中国。
Read it once. Then change the names and places.
先读一遍，再把姓名和地点换掉。
19. Mini dialogue 3: simple status 简单状态
A: Hello. How are you?
B: I’m good, thank you. How are you?
A: I’m okay. I’m a little tired.
B: Are you ready?
A: Yes, I am.
中文：A：你好。你好吗？B：我很好，谢谢。你呢？A：我还好。我有点累。B：你准备好了吗？A：是的，准备好了。
20. Reading practice 阅读练习
Hello. My name is Lin. I am from China. I live in Singapore now. I am a student. I am happy to be here. My friend is Mei. She is from China too. She is very friendly. We are ready for class.
中文：你好。我叫 Lin。我来自中国。我现在住在新加坡。我是一名学生。我很高兴来到这里。我的朋友叫 Mei。她也来自中国。她很友好。我们准备好上课了。
Questions 问题
- What is the writer’s name?
- Where is Lin from?
- Where does Lin live now?
- Who is Mei?
- Are Lin and Mei ready for class?
Try to answer in English with very short sentences.
尽量用很短的英文回答。
- The writer’s name is Lin.
- Lin is from China.
- Lin lives in Singapore.
- Mei is Lin’s friend.
- Yes, they are.
21. Writing practice 写作练习
Write five lines:
- Hello.
- My name is ______.
- I am from ______.
- I live in ______.
- I am ______ today.
Example:
Hello. My name is Xiaoyu. I am from China. I live in Singapore. I am happy today.
Do not add difficult words just to make the paragraph look advanced. Clear English first.
不要为了“看起来高级”故意加难词。先把简单英语写清楚。
22. Error clinic for Mandarin speakers 中文母语学习者常见错误
| Wrong 常见错误 | Better 正确形式 | Why 为什么 |
|---|---|---|
| I Li Ming. ✗ | I am Li Ming. ✓ | English needs am. |
| I very happy. ✗ | I am very happy. ✓ | Adjective predicate needs be. |
| She are here. ✗ | She is here. ✓ | she + is |
| They is ready. ✗ | They are ready. ✓ | they + are |
| What your name? ✗ | What is your name? ✓ | Question needs is. |
| You are ready? △ | Are you ready? ✓ | Normal yes/no question with be changes order. |
| I from China. ✗ | I am from China. ✓ | Use am before the place phrase. |
Errors are not proof that you cannot learn English. They are maps. Each repeated error tells you which pattern needs more practice.
错误不是“学不会英语”的证据。错误是地图。哪一种错误反复出现，就说明哪一个句型需要更多练习。
23. Listening ladder 听力阶梯
- Read + listen. 看文字同时听。
- Listen + point. 听到哪句就指哪句。
- Listen + repeat. 听一句跟一句。
- Listen without text. 不看文字听。
- Listen and answer. 听问题并回答。
- Listen at normal speed. 最后再听自然速度。
Do not jump to fast speech before you can recognise the small patterns clearly.
在小句型还听不清之前，不要急着挑战很快的口语。
24. Speaking ladder 口语阶梯
- Read the sentence aloud. 看着读。
- Repeat after audio. 跟读。
- Look away and say it. 移开视线说。
- Change one word. 换一个词。
- Answer a question. 回答问题。
- Say three sentences together. 连说三句。
- Use the sentence with a real person. 和真人使用。
Fluency grows from many small successful retrievals.
流利度来自很多次“小而成功的提取”。
25. Retrieval practice 不看答案再想出来
Cover the English. Look only at the Chinese. Say the English.
- 你好。 → ______
- 我叫 Mei。 → ______
- 我来自中国。 → ______
- 我很累。 → ______
- 你准备好了吗？ → ______
- 很高兴认识你。 → ______
Then reverse it: cover the Chinese, read the English, and explain the meaning.
再反过来：遮住中文，看英文，说出意思。
26. A ten-minute lesson plan 十分钟学习法
| 2 min | Read the 20-sentence core. | 读核心句。 |
| 2 min | Listen and repeat five sentences. | 听并跟读五句。 |
| 2 min | Make five substitutions. | 做五次替换。 |
| 2 min | Speak your introduction without looking. | 不看文字说自我介绍。 |
| 2 min | Write three sentences from memory. | 凭记忆写三句。 |
27. Seven-day practice schedule 七天练习安排
| Day | Task |
|---|---|
| 1 | Hello + My name is… |
| 2 | I am / I’m + five adjectives or place phrases. |
| 3 | I/you/he/she/it/we/they + am/is/are. |
| 4 | What is your name? + How are you? |
| 5 | Are you…? + short answers. |
| 6 | Read the mini text and retell three facts. |
| 7 | Give a 30-second introduction with no notes. |
28. Self-test 自测
- Translate: 我叫王丽。
- Choose: I (am / is / are) ready.
- Choose: She (am / is / are) here.
- Make a question from: You are tired.
- Answer: What is your name?
- Translate: 我来自中国。
- Correct: I happy.
- Correct: They is ready.
- Say a polite phrase for first meeting.
- Introduce yourself in three sentences.
Answer key 答案
- My name is Wang Li. / I’m Wang Li.
- am
- is
- Are you tired?
- My name is… / I’m…
- I am from China.
- I am happy.
- They are ready.
- Nice to meet you.
- Answers vary. 答案因人而异。
29. Can you do these without help? 你能独立做到吗？
- I can say hello. 我会打招呼。
- I can say my name. 我会说自己的名字。
- I can say where I am from. 我会说自己来自哪里。
- I can use I am / you are / he is / she is. 我会使用基础 be 结构。
- I can ask a person’s name. 我会问名字。
- I can ask “Are you ready?” 我会用 be 造一个简单问句。
- I can give a short answer. 我会做简短回答。
- I can read a short introduction. 我能读懂简短自我介绍。
- I can write three sentences about myself. 我能写三句关于自己的话。
If several boxes are difficult, do not move faster. Repeat the small patterns until they feel easy.
如果有好几项还很困难，不要急着加速。重复小句型，直到它们变得轻松。
30. For teachers and parents 给老师和家长
Keep correction narrow. If the learner says “I happy,” repair am. Do not simultaneously lecture on adjective complements, phonetics, punctuation and advanced register. Let one correction become stable before adding another.
纠错要聚焦。如果学习者说 “I happy”，先修 am。不要同时讲形容词补语、音标、标点和高级语体。先让一个修复稳定，再增加下一项。
Use real names, real places and real feelings. Personal truth makes beginner sentences easier to retrieve.
尽量使用真实姓名、真实地点和真实状态。跟自己有关的句子更容易被提取出来。
31. One final conversation 最后一段对话
A: Hello. My name is Mei. What’s your name?
B: Hi. I’m Chen Wei.
A: Nice to meet you.
B: Nice to meet you too.
A: Are you from China?
B: Yes, I am. I’m from Chengdu.
A: How are you today?
B: I’m good, thank you. I’m ready for class.
If you can understand this dialogue, read it aloud, change the names and places, and say your version without looking, Lesson 001 is working.
如果你能理解这段对话、朗读它、替换姓名与地点，并且不看文字说出自己的版本，第 001 课就已经开始真正发挥作用。
Next: Lesson No.002 下一课
Now you can introduce a person. Next, learn how to point to a thing and name it:
This is a book. What is this?
这是一本书。这是什么？
Beginner reference floor: British Council A1 · Cambridge English Pre-A1/A1 · VOA Learning English Level 1 · Essential Grammar in Use, A1–B1.
Mandarin-speaker note: This lesson gives extra attention to English copular be, pronouns, question order and pronunciation because English and Mandarin package these meanings differently. For broader Chinese EFL difficulty patterns, see the national mixed-methods study of Chinese college EFL learners and Deterding’s study of English pronunciation by speakers from China.
