Category: Science
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How to Learn Type IV Pili and Twitching Motility: From ATP-Powered Nanofibres to Surface Sensing, DNA Uptake and Bacterial Movement
Wait, What? A Bacterium Can Throw Out a Nanometre-Wide Fibre, Grab a Surface and Reel Itself Forward Bacterial flagella rotate. Type IV pili do something different. A Type IV pilus (T4P) can extend from the cell, attach to a surface, retract and pull the cell body forward. Repeated cycles create twitching motility. ATP hydrolysis →…
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How to Learn Scanning Hall Probe Microscopy (SHPM): From the Hall Effect to Quantitative Magnetic-Field Maps, Superconducting Vortices and Current Reconstruction
Science Hub Route Continue through the eduKate Sengkang Science Hub · Complete Science Index
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How to Learn Optical Tweezers and Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy: From Radiation Pressure and Brownian Motion to DNA Mechanics, Protein Folding and Automated Molecular Manipulation
Science Hub Route Continue through the eduKate Sengkang Science Hub · Complete Science Index
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How to Learn DNA Phosphorothioation: From Sulfur-Modified DNA Backbones to Bacterial Defence and Epigenetic Regulation
Wait, What? Some Bacteria Replace an Oxygen Atom in the DNA Backbone With Sulfur DNA modifications are usually taught as changes to bases. Natural DNA phosphorothioation (PT) is different. The modification occurs in the sugar–phosphate backbone: one non-bridging oxygen on a phosphate is replaced by sulfur. The base sequence can remain unchanged while the chemical…
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How to Learn Perturbed Angular Correlation Spectroscopy (PAC/TDPAC): From Gamma–Gamma Cascades and Hyperfine Fields to Local Symmetry, Defect Complexes and Atomic Dynamics
Science Hub Route Continue through the eduKate Sengkang Science Hub · Complete Science Index
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How to Learn Methanogenesis and Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase: From Archaeal Carbon Chemistry to Methane Cycling and Reverse Methanogenesis
Wait, What? Several Completely Different Methane Pathways All Converge on One Nickel Enzyme Methanogenic archaea can start from CO₂ + H₂, acetate, methanol, methylamines and other methylated compounds. Yet these different routes converge near the end. The carbon destined for methane reaches methyl-coenzyme M. Then methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) uses coenzyme B and the nickel…
