Category: PSLE Primary Science

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A massive Primary 5/6 PSLE Science Reality Lab guide to I² in meta-analysis: why I² = 80% does not mean 80% of studies disagree, and how to inspect effect direction, uncertainty, study conditions and heterogeneity before trusting a headline.

PSLE Science Reality Lab Vol No.464 | “δ18O = −10‰” — Is 10‰ of the Water Oxygen-18?

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A massive Primary 5/6 PSLE Science Reality Lab guide to δ18O and stable-isotope delta notation: why a per-mille delta value is a difference from a reference isotope ratio, not the fraction of a sample made of oxygen-18.

PSLE Science Reality Lab Vol No.463 | “Radiocarbon Age = 3000 BP” — Is That Simply 3000 Years Before 2026?

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A massive Primary 5/6 PSLE Science Reality Lab guide to interpreting radiocarbon ages in BP: why “present” is fixed at 1950, why a conventional radiocarbon age is not automatically an exact calendar date, and how calibration, uncertainty and sample context control the claim.

PSLE Science Reality Lab Vol No.462 | “Surrogate Recovery = 82%” — Does That Mean 82% of the Target Chemical Was Recovered?

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A massive Primary 5/6 PSLE Science Reality Lab guide to interpreting surrogate recovery in laboratory reports: why a surrogate-recovery percentage is a quality-control check on an added compound, not the recovery, removal, concentration or accuracy percentage of the target chemical.

PSLE Science Reality Lab Vol No.461 | “Maximum Intensity Projection” — Does One 2D Image Show Everything at the Same Depth?

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A massive Primary 5/6 PSLE Science Reality Lab guide to reading maximum intensity projection images: how a 2D projection can combine bright features from different depths, what evidence it preserves, what depth information it loses, and how to avoid mistaking projected overlap for physical contact.

PSLE Science Reality Lab Vol No.460 | “Linearity = ±0.2%” — Does That Mean Every Reading Is Accurate to Within 0.2%?

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